| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area |
| Physiological Density | The number of people per unit area of arable land |
| Agricultural Density | The number of farmers per unit area of arable land |
| Population Pyramids | A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution within a population |
| Fertility Rate | The average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime |
| Infant Mortality Rate | The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
| Migration | The movement of people from one place to another |
| Crude Birth Rate | The number of live births per 1,000 people |
| Crude Death Rate | The number of deaths per 1,000 people |
| Life Expectancy | The average number of years a newborn can expect to live |
| Natural Increase Rate | The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate |
| Doubling Time | The period of time required for a population to double in size |
| Demographic Transition Model | Descriptive model of the transition from high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and low mortality as a country develops |
| Epidemiologic Transition Model | Descriptive model of transition from high ~> low disease mortality & from high ~> low chronic disease mortality as a country develops |
| Thomas Malthus | The English 18th-century economist/demographer who proposed the Malthusian Theory |
| Malthusian Theory | The theory proposed by Thomas Malthus that population growth will outpace the availability of resources, resulting in catastrophe |
| Malthusian Critics | Individuals who argue against Malthusian Theory, often pointing to the role of technology and innovation in sustaining population growth |
| Contraception | Methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy |
| Ravenstein's First Law of Migration | Migrants usually travel a short distance |
| Ravenstein's Second Law of Migration | The reasons migrants move are usually economic |
| Ravenstein's Third Law of Migration | Most migrants are young adult males |
| Dependency Ratio | A measure of the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over 65) compared to the working-age population (aged 15-64) |
| Push Factors | Factors that encourage people to leave their current location |
| Pull Factors | Factors that attract people to a new location |
| Intervening Opportunities | Favorable circumstances or events that cause a person to change their migration plan |
| Intervening Obstacles | Barriers or challenges that prevent or hinder a person from reaching their migration destination |
| Internal Migration | Migration within the borders of a country |
| External Migration | Migration across national borders |
| Immigration | The movement of people into a new country or region |
| Emigration | The movement of people out of a country or region |
| Refugees | Individuals who have been forced to leave their homes due to persecution, conflict, or natural disaster |
| Internally Displaced Persons | Individuals who have been forced to flee their homes but remain within the borders of their own country |
| Asylum Seekers | Individuals who seek refuge in another country due to fear of persecution in their home country |
| Chain Migration | The process whereby migrants are more likely to move to places where friends or relatives have already settled |